Is Race a Natural Kind - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1610 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Science Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction Natural kind forms a scientific discipline that is frequently divided to derive the actual meaning. Majorly, the scientific study offers two perceptive, one that entails the naturalness of a kind and the kindhood. The naturalness of a kind tries to establish whether the naturalness of a kind is what makes it natural. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Race a Natural Kind?" essay for you Create order On the other hand, the kindhood offers a different understanding in that it entails finding out whether the components that make up a thing is what makes it natural (Porcher 2016, 212). However, in consideration of both studies, the naturalness of an element corresponds to the structure of the natural environment, and not on the human interests and actions. Therefore, it is by logical assumption that science has succeeded in revealing all the natural occurrences whereas the classification and the taxonomies are all by scientific realism. As a result, psychology can easily reverse on the kinds that it holds as natural. Therefore, there is a significant connectedness between the study of natural kinds and realism. The realistic position on natural kinds In this regard, realism refers to the view of the existence of entities in natural kinds. On the other hand, naturalism refers to the presence of natural groupings with distinctions among them. Therefore, naturalism has no ontological commitment while realism is an ontologically committed type of view. Notably, the realistic position maintains on the fact that it is not possible to explain the differences between the natural and the non-natural groupings without considering entities in natural kinds. (Franklin-Hall and Laura 2015, 928) Different theories on natural kinds exist and efficiently compete to offer a well-developed concept. Firstly, the cluster of natural kinds is usually developed according to similar objectives and common properties which form a single group. It is challenging to determine a natural kind in realism as opposed to conventional. Therefore, a suitable way to draw an appropriate distinction is through the similarities and the standard features while the later majorly depends on the human interests. Secondly, natural kinds are believed to have essences. According to (Magnus 2015, 7), essence refers to a membership-determining a given property which is not only necessary but also sufficient enough to belong to a specific group. However, the theories fail to agree on the way essential characteristics in a kind. Whereas, the fundamental properties are responsible for other features associated with the type. For instance, having an atomic number 79 makes something a member of a particular group. However, there are other properties regarding color, mass and density. Phenotypical features are sufficient to pick out a natural kind Evidently, contemporary philosophers in the field of biology held for the longest time that biological species are insufficient to be regarded as natural kinds. However, organic features, for instance, phenotypical features are sufficient enough to pick out a natural kind (Marti ­nez 2015, 99). As a result, incorporation of biological characteristics in natural kind offers an in-depth understanding of natural kinds. Notably, it provides that natural kind involves the cases of spatiotemporally of which are not accidental and resemble each other to form a whole species. Majorly, the controversy regarding the biological aspect and the natural kind occurs due to lack of documentation of any limitation concerning the point in place and time where the natural kind happened. However, instances of any natural kind could occur anywhere and at any time. Therefore, a biological perspective of the natural kind offers a standardized characterization. It defines the natural sort as a collection of objects or individuals with similar properties non-accidentally clustered together. Evidently, biological species are also natural kinds. For any organic classification, there is a plurality of traits, phenotypic or genotypic. The attributes play a critical role individually and collectively (Kidwell and Kimberlee, et al. 2015, 29). As a result, their input in such a species is necessary and sufficient. It universally agreed that phenotypic traits are natural kinds. However, one reason that claims it unreasonable is the dimorphism. Notably, in every species, there are abnormal or aberrant members who phenotypic traits are the actual reflection of confined genotypic variations. Indeed, it is evident that biological species are among the natural kinds. Their instances happen to be scattered in space and in time, therefore a typical example in which a collection of cases join together to develop one common reason. A substitute for what picks out the natural kind The similarity relations majorly determine the spontaneous nature. The connections, however, have been defined differently based on their branch of science. For instance, the subject will establish the similarity based on the field they operate. Notably, biology is expected to identify the similarities between the organisms found in the genealogical information or common genes. Therefore, apart from phenotypical classification, the similarities can be reduced to an allele (1000 Genomes Project Consortium 2015, 70). In this regard, some organisms will be more genetically similar. This would drop out resemblance as a genetic concept to a more specific notion; determine the similarity in molecules and genes. Evidently, any similarity between the constituents conforms to the idea of the natural kind. In this regard, nature kind classification based on the allele or the genetic concepts enables appropriate classification. Additionally, it allows getting rid of the many paradigms in the natural kinds which do not count as physical kinds. For instance, the private allele in Native Americans is a pattern in the population genetics natural kind. However, an individual allele offers uniqueness in one of the populations from the entire selection of communities. Therefore, the presence of the Native American society determines the existence of the private allele. Provide at least one objection to the realist position The realistic stand has been for the longest time suffered a complaint from the anti-realist. The antirealism holds a contradicting view in stipulating that theories are untrue and the majority ought to be disregarded. Evidently, the realistic position provides that oak is a natural kind, while a table is not. Therefore, whenever the question to determine what makes natural and non-natural nature, then no answer. As a result, it has proven challenging to develop responses to so, vital clues regarding the natural kind. Currently, developing the answers to the simple questions is yet to be achieved. According to Ludwig (2017, 35), he has given up on the term natural since so far; there is nothing like natural. According to antirealist, they consider that realists generalize all classes of natural kinds and capture a general philosophical advantage of natural kinds. Additionally, they attract natural types in such a manner that they avoid metaphysics. Notably, some of the most significant theories, for instance, Newtons laws have been proved wrong. Additionally, Darwins natural selection and relativity by Einstein still need some modification and develop some adaptation to make them appropriate (Garci ­a del Muro Navarro 2017, 29). Therefore, antirealists strongly believe that theories are merely tools of which people use after being approved to be wrong. According to antirealists, most of what them think to be the cause of the world based on the minds ability to create precise features or offer characteristics on what they perceive. Why realism about race is better than conventionalism Notably, there nothing in particular that makes a natural kind natural. However, some philosophers have denied this assumption and insisted that a natural kind is relative to a specific inquiry. Therefore, race lacks any biological contradictions between members of other races (Winther 2014, 215). As a result, it may be untrue to conclude that race is not a natural kind. Realism refers to that position attributed to positive ontological status. So when one is a realist about the race, that means the race is real and contains several physical attributes. On the other hand, conventionalist is not constant. Humans are not genetically grounded, however; they usually form due to social practices. Hence, races are adopted based on some broad genetic dissimilarity among some populations. Moreover, the color creates only an outward manifestation. As a result, the realism stand about race is more convincing unlike conventionalism. In conclusion, natural kind forms a scientific discipline that is frequently divided to derive the actual meaning. Majorly, the scientific study offers two perceptive, one that entails the naturalness of a kind and the kindhood. Notably, the realistic position on natural kinds provides that it is not possible to explain the differences between the natural and the non-natural groupings without considering entities in natural kinds. Therefore, a suitable way to draw an appropriate distinction is through the similarities and the standard features. Moreover, phenotypical features are sufficient enough to pick out a natural kind. As a result, incorporation of biological characteristics in natural kind offers an in-depth understanding of natural kinds. Nature kind classification based on the allele or the genetic concepts enables appropriate classification offer a suitable substitute what picks natural kind. Majorly, anti-realist offers the major objection to realist and consider majority of the theories as untrue. However, when one is a realist about the race, that means the race is real and contains several physical attributes. Works Cited 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526.7571 (2015): 68-74. Franklin-Hall, Laura R. Natural kinds as categorical bottlenecks. Philosophical Studies 172.4 (2015): 925-948. Garci ­a del Muro Navarro, Juan. The Evolution of Ecosystems through Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks. (2017).24-41 Kidwell, Kimberlee Kae, et al. Glyphosate-tolerant wheat genotypes. U.S. Patent No. 8,927,834. 6 Jan. 2015.7-24 Ludwig, David. Letting go ofNatural Kind. Towards a Multidimensional Framework of Non-Arbitrary Classification Philosophy of Science. (2017). 34-66 Magnus, P. D. Taxonomy, ontology, and natural kinds. Synthese (2015): 1-13. Martinez, Manolo. Informationally-connected property clusters, and polymorphism. Biology Philosophy 30.1 (2015): 99-117. Porcher, Jose Eduardo. Delusion as a folk psychological kind. Filosofia Unisinos? 17.2 (2016): 212. Winther, Rasmus Grinfeldt. The Genetic Reification of Race?: A Story of Two Mathematical Methods. Critical Philosophy of Race 2.2 (2014): 204-223.

Jewish Life in Holocaust Tony Burtrum - 833 Words

Jewish life in the Holocaust Even though manny where persecuted, the Jews had the most hardship in life during the holocaust. Millions were killed or died from other causes. The Jews were considered an outcast. They had to live in ghettos, be sent to work camps, and even have their own child inform the government about them. The Jews had to live in an area of housing known as a Ghetto. This is were the government took a group of Jews and put them into a dirty housing community. Disease outbreaks were quite frequent and deadly. Many people not only died from being sent away, but just from the diseases in the Ghettos. According to A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust, the ghettos were extremely dirty. Staying warm was very difficult during the freezing winter. There was a major food shortage that resulted in famine. Lots of Jews died of starvation. They had poor sanitation, with extreme over crowding causing people to have to share rooms and beds. Many places had ghettos that wer e had a barbed wire, brick and stone walls as their boundaries. Guards were placed at openings and gates of the ghettos.(Ghettos) The smallest ghetto held around 3,000 people. The largest ghetto, located in Warsaw, held around 400,000 people. Many of the people in the ghettos came from the local area or nearby. Around 1941, Jews were being deported from Germany to Poland to even further east. Jews were not allowed to leave the ghetto. If they did they would be killed on site. Gas vans were used in

Internationalization Process is Crucial for Economic Development

Question: Describe about the term for Internationalization Process is Crucial for Economic Development? Answer: Introduction Primary theme for writing this diary is to evaluate success of UK economy in attracting FDI in the market. This paper aims to evaluate the way UK government, policies and system promote industrial growth and development. Reason for selecting this topic for analysis is raising importance of FDI in the market, as studying FDI facilitates in evaluating economic success of a region, increasing FDI helps in market growth, money inflow, and societal development, job opportunities, increasing income and GDP. Studying FDI scenario of UK will also facilitate in understanding the degree of foreign equity in the region, degree to which operational restrictions are maintained, it also facilitate in evaluating the degree of equality and investment opportunity in the market. Therefore writing on this topic will help in understanding how strong are investment roots of UK? Apart from this it will also help in understanding the concept better, its advantages, disadvantages, it will help in remaining focus to one particular strategy of internationalization and collecting in-depth knowledge on the same. There are different types of strategies that organizations might opt to enter into new market; further selection depends on several environmental and internal factors. For instance, regulatory system of a nation also impact international entry within region. Apart from this, economic opportunities, social segment, culture, currency strength, company position in the market, industry, size, financial position also impact final decision. Among several method of market entry, FDI is one of the most renowned and accepted mode by investors. According to IMF explanation to FDI, it can be defined as an investment process that aims towards long term achievement and development from the residents of country but residing in other country. This is a cross border investment method in which minimum of ten percent stakes is owned by any person or organization from another nation. FDI investment helps a country in several ways; it is win-win type investment method if implemented properly with adequa te regulatory system. There are different types of FDI investments that can be done a company, it include horizontal FDI, Vertical FDI and Platform FDI. FDI investment are managed, planned and controlled by government of a nation, however the degree of control varies from region to region. This analysis will be presented in four parts of a dairy, plan is to present four parts in such a coherent manner that all of them help in preparing a concrete paper that can be used by readers to extract valuable information on FDI in UK and its development. First part will include analysis on the role of FDI in stimulating growth and productivity in UK market, this analysis will help in understanding the benefits of FDI in UK market, the way this tool helped in its development. Second part of dairy will include information on determinants of FDI, it aims to understand the way London has become a crucial determinant of location for FDI, how there is rising investment in one particular region and why is it happening, it will help government in planning FDI investments and regulations in more better forms so that benefit can be taken by all regions in UK. Third part of the dairy aims to evaluate determinants of FDI in UK region, this article is aimed towards evaluating problems and ba rriers in FDI market UK, reasons for present problem in the market, why there is still problem in investing in UK, who are facing this problem and why etc. will be answered with the help of article mentioned in third dairy. Finally the fourth dairy aims to present a comprehensive framework to ensure better success in UK market through FDI, strategies that can be adopted by government to ensure higher FDI inflows in UK market; therefore the fourth selected article is primarily based on recommendation platform for UK government. Studying FDI helps in understanding the capital inflow growth rate in the region, this form of investment facilitates in economy during financial crisis, it is a stable form of investment in comparison to other forms such as debt flow, portfolio equity etc. FDI facilitates economy in its growth without giving whole authority to international player; it helps in better exchange of information, technology and resources by ensuring benefits for both the parties involved in the process. This tool is being used by MNCS as a strategic tool for business development. Diary Entry 1 How FDI contributed in growth of UK economy Date of Input 8th March, 2016 Reference of the source (Harvard style) Harris, Moffat, Richard, John , 2013. The Direct Contribution of FDI to Productivity Growth in Britain, 19972008. The World Economy, [Online]. 36/6, 713-736. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/twec.12059/abstract [Accessed 08 March 2016]. www.deloitte.co.uk/. 2016. Foreign direct investment in UK. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.deloitte.co.uk/investingintheuk/pdfs/india/uk_investingintheuk_in_twoforeigndirectinvestmentintheuk.pdf. [Accessed 08 March 16]. Discussion of the content of the articles There are two articles refereed to prepare content for the first dairy. The first article written by Harris and Moffatt focuses on evaluating the contribution made by FDI in improving growth and productivity in UK market. It include information on productivity, industrial restructuring and its impact, role of foreign owned firms in Britain, here data has been collected for TFP of all plants in Britain from year 1998 to 2007 analysis was done using Cobb-Douglas log-linear production function. Major findings of the paper states that foreign owned industries and plants contribute relatively more to productivity growth in comparison to UK owned plants in the region. In-depth analysis shows that large portion of contributions are made by firms that were UK owned in year 1997 but later owned by foreign player by 2007. Companies were improving their productivity not by improving production system at their present plant rather they were more focused towards opening of new high productivity p lant in UK. Another article is a research report made by Deloitte Research Company, this paper is very simple and clear, it aims to discuss present scenario of FDI in UK market, which is essential to build structure for an idea. It includes sector wise analysis on which all industries have made contribution through FDI and how much, also primary regulations for market entry through FDI policy in UK. This article will help in understanding true picture of FDI in UK market and areas that needs development. In UK software industry is a major contributor, followed by advance engineering and many other industries. Critical review of the content of the articles using academic sources Selected two articles for first dairy helped in preparing a rough idea about present level of FDI in UK market. With the help of data present in the second article, it is clear that UK provides a free and liberal market for foreign investment that laid enormous market opportunities. There are very low barriers or restrictions imposed on several industries. According to data given on government websites of UK, there was increase of FDI inflow by 9 percent in the year 2014, it also crossed total value of 1 trillion. UK is the third largest FDI market globally after US and China. In the year 2014 UK received 909 FDI investment projects, it is the largest attractor of investment in Europe market with 28 percent contribution made in the year 2014. It is expected that UK market will perform strongly in FDI segment. In the year 214, there was reduction in global FDI and even in European market but there was 50 percent increase in FDI inflow in UK. According to another article foreign firms contributes higher productivity as to ensure better return on their cost investment, they also possess characteristics that help them in getting cost advantage, it include better production, marketing, specialized knowledge, technological advancement etc. It also highlights areas of difficulty faced during implementation such as miscommunication between management and labour due to cultural differences. This paper analyses change in total factor production contribution by FDI firms in UK, in terms of size, industry and location also. Initially it was found that UK based firms were making large contribution, however they were larger in size also, further analysis breaks firms into equal sizes which states FDI owned firms made relatively higher percentage of contribution. In terms of industry foreign owned firms contribute larger in manufacturing industry in comparison to service. Countrywide analysis shows higher contributions made by French owned firms, followed by German owned, Dutch owned firms, however Japanese owned firms were performing bad in FDI market. However, present analysis on Data shows that USA is the biggest FDI contributor in UK with 41.5 percent, followed by Netherland, France, Germany and Spain. Diary Entry 2 Determinants impacting FDI inflow in UK Date of Input 8th March, 2016 Reference of the source (Harvard style) Hilla, Mundaya , Stephen, Max , 1992. The UK Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment: Analysis and Determinants. Regional Studies, 26/2, 535-544. Dimitropouloua, McCannb, P. Burke, Dimitra, Philip, Simon , 2012. The determinants of the location of foreign direct investment in UK regions. Applied Economics, 45/27, 3853-3862. Cavallaria, d'Addonab, Lilia, Stefano , 2013. Nominal and real volatility as determinants of FDI. Applied Economics , 45/18, 2603-2610. Discussion of the content of the articles (in your own words) Articles included in this dairy presents determinants of FDI, first article selected for this paper states several variables such as cultural factors, GDP growth rate, labour laws and endowments, trade agreements, trade openness, availability of resources as factors to FDI inflow. According to research there are intangible firm characteristics such as technology, knowledge, managerial skills that promote FDI. Further, research and development and advertisement also plays significant role in FDI inflows. According to researcher location has been seen as major determinant to market entry in UK market, therefore it is crucial to understanding regional distribution of FDI in UK market. It also includes financial incentive and access to market as motivating factors for FDI inflows. Researchers have also selected specific elements to evaluate their impact on FDI inflows, another article selected for this dairy aims to evaluate impact of country specific sources such as interest rate, exchange rate on FDI inflows, findings of the paper shows strong correlation between real volatility of exchange rate on investment decision or market selection for FDI. Further, interest rate also impact FDI decision by impact the value of investment to be made. Regional analysis also helped in understanding impact of location as an influential element, on the basis of 2000 observations done by the researcher, regional specific specialization hold strong impact on influencing FDI decision and location. This research paper highlights example of London, this region is highly benefitted from immigration, and there is availability of better resource, knowledge and technology which helped in increasing FDI in service sector in this region. Critical review of the content of the articles using academic sources Research on evaluating determinants of FDI based on Bayesian Model Averaging helped in understanding that factors which might look important might not play such vital role in expansion, for example cost, institution system in country, regulation etc., rather factors like GDP-related variables, cultural distance factors and labour endowments impact decision significantly. Government policies plays minimal role in attracting FDI. Factors that impact firms revenue, cost and growth influence selection of region for investment. Different in-depth investigations made through other researches also highlights the same, for example, an increase in supplier access in UK will lead to increase in FDI by 2 percent in Central European regions but 1 percent in eastern European countries. Analysis on different types of FDI in these two markets helped in understanding that Central European countries specialize in upstream industries whereas Eastern European countries are less involved in production p rocess. UK is an established market, companies enter this market to reap benefit of population, high income generation, availability of technology, resources etc. According to research reports, inward FDI is facilitating in increasing job opportunities, in the year 2014 85000 new jobs were created through FDI inflows. It facilitates in increasing investor confidence as it helps in bringing new projects in the market. Government also focuses on ensuring the all sectors get benefitted through these investments, it also facilitates in increasing RD within market. On regional wise analysis, London has highest number of FDI projects in UK. Research was conducted using multinomial logit model and conditional logit model to evaluate factors that impact locational choice for FDI. According to authors, choice of location is planned using three theories which include international business management, international trade theory, and traditional economic geography. This research paper also evaluates the grant effect and shows data to prove diminishing impact of higher grants since 1992. Articles selected for second dairy provides analysis on various external, internal, organization oriented, regulation oriented and resource focused factors that help in growth of business. Different factor analysis shows impact both environmental and internal factors on FDI decision in UK, location for project. Diary Entry 3 Problems encountered by FDI market UK Date of Input 8th March,2016 Reference of the source (Harvard style) Giles, Chris; Cadman, Emily. 2016. Economists forecasts: Brexit would damage growth. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/1a86ab36-afbe-11e5-b955-1a1d298b6250.html#axzz42IGJklBr. [Accessed 08 March 16]. Girma, Wakelin, Sourafel, Katharine , 2007. Local Productivity Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in the U.K. Electronics Industry. Regional Science and Urban Economics, [Online]. 37/3, 399-412. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222607178_Local_Productivity_Spillovers_from_Foreign_Direct_Investment_in_the_UK_Electronics_Industry [Accessed 08 March 2016]. Discussion of the content of the articles Articles selected for third dairy include analysis of Brexit on FDI scenario in UK, will it impact the investment inflow adversely in the market. According to article in FT.com recent uncertainties in UK market instigate worrisome environment among investors. There is chaos in the market, investors have fear that such decision might change investment composition in the market, as presently UK is among top three market for FDI, it has high inflow, capital and projects, however analysts says that parting of UK from EU might give advantage to Germany. As UK has high hopes from Chinese markets, so it might shift their interest towards German market. India is another key investor in UK market, which is not showing favourable signs with decision of Brexit. This article imposes questions and warnings on economic condition of UK, whether they should exit from EU, will it be feasible for financial market of UK or not. Another article focuses on challenges encounter in UK market due to increased FDI from international market, there is problem of production spillovers. This article is based on data collected from 48 industries in UK, further this article also states that FDI does not ensure benefit to local firm, degree of benefit depend on ability of the firm. This spillover effect can be on wages, technology, and knowledge sharing also; impact is also dependent on absorbing capacity of the region. Apart from this, FDI also have strong impact on labour market and industry competitiveness. Impact of FDI varies from market to market, depending upon several factors. Critical review of the content of the articles using academic sources Analysis on the first article highlights on importance of Brexit, this is a very dicey decision to be taken by the government. According to various authors, Brexit decision might impact UK productivity adversely. As per economist leaving EU will not be feasible for UK, it will impact medium and long term outlook of the region adversely, around 8 to 9 percent. It will impact stability of the market; there will be decrease in investment due to fear, reduction in household expenditure is also expected. Further, it will also influence foreign exchange market, impact volatility that directly influences FDI decisions from Asian markets. It will also impact choice of international companies as Britain for investment in EU; they will prefer some other regions within EU which will impact capital inflows negatively. There will be less inward migration, as talented workforce from European market helped in UK growth. This decision will impact market competitiveness, freedom, increase risk and sp eculations about UK market. Analysis on other papers and books shows that increasing FDI, if not managed properly might impact local market growth adversely, it is crucial to get benefit from resources brought by capital inflows in the market. Foreign investment is crucial for the market but management need to preserve local welfare first. There is problem of de-capitalization in the market, as it might lead to transfer to profit to host country; however UK being powerful nation, they have strong policies to maintain harmony between investor and home country organizations. During FDI transactions, economy needs to preserve environment, economy and human rights of nationals. Critics state that so call technology transfer might distort economic position of a region, information protection is required. With slowing business, challenging economic scenario, changes can be noticed in investment patterns of Chinese investors in UK. There is fall in non-financial FDI segment in UK. Other barrier to FDI inflow is econom ic market as some industry involve high risk whereas some involve low risk, therefore investment remain uneven in different segments. Present shaken position of the economy is impacting investors confidence adversely; there is need for political and strategic predictability in market. Diary Entry 4 Strategies to ensure future development in FDI inflow in UK Date of Input Reference of the source (Harvard style) Nigel, Max; Driffield, Munday; 2000. Industrial Performance, Agglomeration, and Foreign Manufacturing Investment in the UK . Journal of International Business Studies, 17, 21-37 Wilkinson, Michael. 2016. EU referendum: Mark Carney warns Brexit is biggest risk to Britain's financial stability. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/eureferendum/12187164/eu-referendum-mark-carney-priti-patel-suffragettes-brexit-live.html. [Accessed 08 March 16]. Neumayer, Eric; Spess, Laura. 2005. Do bilateral investment treaties increase foreign direct investment to developing countries. [ONLINE] Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/files/67/92729.pdf. [Accessed 08 March 16] Discussion of the content of the articles According to recent article published on telegraph.co.uk there is need for mutual recognition between EU and UK, exit is not right strategy as it will impact financial segment adversely and UK market is predominantly dependent on financial industry for its growth, it might shake economic model of the region and lead to financial crisis. However, such mutual agreements might take long time to accomplish. In case, UK separates from EU will be costly and time taking affair for the region, there will be need for forming new policies which will be costlier as well as time consuming for government. Further, it might create an environment of fear and shock among investors; therefore it is advisable not to opt for brexit presently. To ensure FDI inflows and maintain strong financial position in the market EU also plays significant role, it is not advice for UK to get separated. Another paper aims to evaluate interrelation between competitive advantage provided by the industry and the way it facilitates in attracting FDI inflow in the market. This paper include analysis on various comparative advantages offered by UK market, it include analysis on foreign manufacturing investment in industries and the way agglomeration of different elements provide benefits to both domestic and international firm, it also facilitate in attracting FDI. Third paper presents analysis on bilateral agreements and the way they help in increasing investment flows in the region, as per findings of the paper these agreements help in setting basic standard for treatment to be received in foreign country, help in providing clear idea for dispute settlement, higher number of bilateral agreement help in attracting higher rate of FDI inflows. Critical review of the content of the articles using academic sources There are various articles published that recommends UK not to opt for Brexit as it might impact country conditions adversely. According to Mark Craney, governor of Bank of England states that if UK exits from EU it will surely loose its business, there is needs to safeguard financial and monetary position of the region. Short term financial crisis can be expected through implementation of this decision, therefore government of UK needs to make strategies for strengthening financial position of UK in such a way that if government opt for Brexit then also it can manage its financial stability in the market. Bilateral agreements are proven strategies for ensuring governance and attract investment in the region, this strategy facilitates in providing higher security to countries, lower down market risk. Investment policies plays significant role in attracting investment in the region, it shapes relation between countries, it also establish inter and intra industrial relationship. If UK planned to separate from EU then they need to form new and strong bilateral strategies with other countries in the market, it will help in subsidizing the risk. Government can also plan incentives to attract and retain FDI inflow in the market, there is need to provide security and confidence among investors, which require strategic actions that include providing cost effective opportunities to investors, availability of skilled labourers, availability of resources to investors. Apart from this, tax incentives can be offered to organizations for entering the market, it includes access to duty free areas, co rporate tax relief, provision for new jobs and technological advancements. Another major strategy is to offer cumulative competitive advantage to both domestic and foreign companies so that mutual progress can take place, it will help in increasing FDI inflow as well as encourage domestic firms to integrate with international players. Comparative advantages will also facilitate in strengthening all parties involved in the process. This can be done by clustering of similar types of firms, it will facilitate in increasing total production. This required inward promotion strategies by government, there is need to attract inward investors those are indulge in complementary activities to domestic players. All these strategies will help in improving FDI inflow in UK market. Conclusion Internationalization process is crucial for economic development, it facilitates in business expansion, growth. With globalization and liberalization organizations are entering into international market to expand their business reach, to get access to new market, customers and also to subsidize the risk of depending upon single market. UK is a developed nation with strong economic condition, according to facts there is smooth FDI inflow in the market, in the year 2014 it was worth 48,314,454,024. Major findings from this analysis states that UK has successfully managed to attract FDI inflows from global market, both developed and developing countries entering UK for investment and business purpose. Major determinants to investment include financial incentive, market access. However, decision is significantly influenced by government policies, political stability, labour market scenario etc. Further, Brexit decision is imposing major threat to investment market of UK; it is making inv estor sceptical about future of UK financial industry. Finally, government policies and clarity can help in establishing harmony in the market.

Sixties Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s,

Sixties In 1962, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said his most famous words: "I have a dream." He was not the only one who felt this way. For many, the 1960s was a decade in which their dreams about America might be fulfilled. For Martin Luther King Jr., this was a dream of a truly equal America; for John F. Kennedy, it was a dream of a young vigorous nation that would put a man on the moon; and for the hippy movement, it was one of love, peace, and freedom. The 1960s was a tumultuous decade of social and political upheaval. We are still confronting many social issues that were addressed in the 1960s today. In spite of the turmoil, there were some positive results, such as the civil rights revolution. However, many outcomes were negative: student antiwar protest movements, political assassinations, and ghetto riots excited American people and resulted in a lack of respect for authority and the law. The first president during the 1960s was John F. Kennedy. He was young, appealing, and had a carefully crafted public image that barely won him the election. Because former President Eisenhower supported the Republican nominee, Richard Nixon, and because many had doubts about Kennedy's youth and Catholic religion, Kennedy only received three-tenths of one percent more of the popular vote than Nixon. The first thing Kennedy did during his brief presidency was to try to restore the nation's economy. Economic growth was slow in 1961 when Kennedy entered the White house. The President initiated a series of tariff negotiations to stimulate exports and proposed a federal tax cut to help the economy internally. John F. Kennedy was known as one of the few presidents in history who made his own personality a significant part of his presidency and a focus of national attention. Nothing illustrated this more clearly than the reaction to the tragedy of November 22, 1963. Kennedy was driving through the streets of Dallas. The streets were full of cheering people watching him drive by. The President was surrounded by loud motorcycles driven by the Secret Service. One onlooker, looking into a sixth floor window, noticed another man with a rifle. "Boy! ," he said. "You sure can't say the Secret Service isn't on the ball. Look at that guy up there in the window with a rifle" (Pett 12). That man with the rifle was not a member of the Secret Service. A fraction of a second before 12:30 p.m., John Fitzgerald Kennedy was smiling broadly. He would never smile again. The Kennedy assassination touched everyone around the world. In Canada, for example, Eaton's Company put full-page advertisements in newspapers such as The Hamilton Spectator saying, "With all Canada and the World, we share the shock and grief inflicted by the tragic death of a great statesman and a great hero" (see appendix A). Nevertheless, there was one good thing that came out of it: Lyndon B. Johnson became president. Throughout Johnson's five-year career, sweeping reforms were made in every corner of the country. First, Johnson created Medicare-- a program to provide federal aid to the elderly for medical expenses. Medicare had been debated for years in Congress, but Johnson's plan eliminated many objections. First, Medicare benefits were available to all elderly Americans, regardless of need. Second, doctors serving Medicare patients could practice privately and even charge their normal fees. Later, the Johnson Administration issued Medicaid, which gave assistance to all ages. Next, Johnson established a new cabinet agency in 1966: the Department of Housing and Urban Development. This agency, together with the newly formed Model Cities program, was invented in an effort to stop the decaying of cities and end poverty. Also, the Omnibus Housing Act gave rent supplements to the poor. Finally, Johnson created the Office for Economic Opportunity. This program led to new educational, employment, housing, and health-care developments. However, the Office for Economic Opportunity failed because there was inadequate funding and the government was more concerned with the Vietnam War. Johnson also wanted to strengthen the country's schools. First, his administration implemented the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, which extended aid to private and parochial schools based on the needs of the students. Also, he created the National Endowment of Arts and Humanities, and passed the Higher Education Act, which gave federally financed scholarships. Another subject that concerned the government under Lyndon B. Johnson Administration and the rest of America was Civil Rights. In 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, and in 1965 they passed the Voting Rights act. The Civil

John Kay and His Impact on Weaving

John Kay and His Impact on Weaving In 1733, John Kay invented the flying shuttle, an improvement to weaving looms and a key contribution to the  Industrial Revolution. Early Years Kay was born on June 17, 1704,  in the  Lancashire  hamlet of  Walmersley. His  father Robert was a farmer and wool manufacturer.  Robert died before John was born   His mother was responsible for educating him until she remarried. John Kay was just a young man when he became the manager of one of his fathers mills. Kay developed skills as a machinist and engineer. He made many improvements to the machines in the mill. He  apprenticed with a  hand-loom reed  maker.  He designed a  metal substitute  for the natural reed that proved popular enough for him to sell throughout England.  After traveling the country, making and fitting wire reeds, he returned to his home and, on June 29, 1725, both he and his brother, William, married Bury women.   The Flying Shuttle The flying shuttle was an improvement to looms that enabled weavers to weave faster. The original shuttle contained a bobbin on to which the weft (weaving term for the crossways yarn) yarn was wound. It was normally pushed from one side of the warp (weaving term for the series of yarns that extended lengthways in a loom) to the other side by hand. Large looms needed two weavers to throw the shuttle. The flying shuttle was thrown by a leaver that could be operated by one weaver.  The shuttle was able to do the work of two people even more quickly.   In Bury, John Kay continued to design improvements to textile machinery; in 1730 he patented a  cording  and  twisting  machine for  worsted. In 1753, Kays home was attacked by textile workers who were angry that his inventions might take work away from them. Kay fled England for France where he died in poverty around 1780. Influence and Legacy of  John Kay Kays invention paved the way for mechanical power looms, however, the technology would have to wait another 30 years before a  power loom  was invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1787. John Kays son, Robert, stayed in  Britain,   and in 1760 developed the drop-box, which enabled looms to use multiple flying shuttles at the same time, allowing multicolor wefts. His son John had long lived with his father in France. In 1782 he provided an account of his fathers troubles to  Richard Arkwright, who sought to highlight problems with patent defense in a parliamentary petition. In the 1840s,  Thomas Sutcliffe  (one of Kays great-grandsons) campaigned to promote a  Colchester  heritage for Kays family. In 1846 he unsuccessfully sought a parliamentary  grant  for Kays descendants (in compensation for his ancestors treatment in England).  He was inaccurate in the details of his grandfathers  genealogy  and story, and his Fanciful and Erroneous Statements were discredited by John Lords detailed examination of  primary sources. In Bury, Kay has become a local hero: there are still several  pubs  named after him, as are the Kay Gardens.

Polymer Definition and Examples

Polymer Definition and Examples A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked repeating subunits, which are called monomers. Polymers usually have high melting and boiling points. Because the molecules consist of many monomers, polymers tend to have high molecular masses. The word polymer comes from the Greek prefix poly-, which means many, and the suffix -mer, which means parts. The word was coined by Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius (1779–1848) in 1833, although with a slightly different meaning from the modern definition. The modern understanding of polymers as macromolecules was proposed by German organic chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965) in 1920. Examples of Polymers Polymers may be divided into two categories. Natural polymers (also called biopolymers) include silk, rubber, cellulose, wool, amber, keratin, collagen, starch, DNA, and shellac. Biopolymers serve key functions in organisms, acting as structural proteins, functional proteins, nucleic acids, structural polysaccharides, and energy storage molecules. Synthetic polymers are prepared by a chemical reaction, often in a lab. Examples of synthetic polymers include PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polystyrene, synthetic rubber, silicone, polyethylene, neoprene, and nylon. Synthetic polymers are used to make plastics, adhesives, paints, mechanical parts, and many common objects. Synthetic polymers may be grouped into two categories. Thermoset plastics are made from a liquid or soft solid substance that can be irreversibly changed into an insoluble polymer by curing using heat or radiation. Thermoset plastics tend to be rigid and have high molecular weights. The plastic stays out of shape when deformed and typically decompose before they melt. Examples of thermoset plastics include epoxy, polyester, acrylic resins, polyurethanes, and vinyl esters. Bakelite, Kevlar, and vulcanized rubber are also thermoset plastics. Thermoplastic polymers or thermosoftening plastics are the other type of synthetic polymers. While thermoset plastics are rigid, thermoplastic polymers are solid when cool, but are pliable and can be molded above a certain temperature. While thermoset plastics form irreversible chemical bonds when cured, the bonding in thermoplastics weakens with temperature. Unlike thermosets, which decompose rather than melt, thermoplastics melt into a liquid upon heating. Examples of thermoplastics include acrylic, nylon, Teflon, polypropylene, polycarbonate, ABS, and polyethylene. Brief History of Polymer Development Natural polymers have been used since ancient times, but mankinds ability to intentionally synthesize polymers is a fairly recent development. The first man-made plastic was nitrocellulose. The process to make it was devised in 1862 by British chemist Alexander Parkes (1812–1890). He treated the natural polymer cellulose with nitric acid and a solvent. When nitrocellulose was treated with camphor, it produced celluloid, a polymer widely used in the film industry and as a moldable replacement for ivory. When nitrocellulose was dissolved in ether and alcohol, it became collodion. This polymer was used as a surgical dressing, starting with the U.S. Civil War and afterward. The vulcanization of rubber was another big achievement in polymer chemistry. GErman chemist Friedrich Ludersdorf (1801–1886) and American inventor Nathaniel Hayward (1808–1865) independently found adding sulfur to natural rubber helped keep it from becoming sticky. The process of vulcanizing rubber by adding sulfur and applying heat was described by British engineer Thomas Hancock (1786–1865) in 1843 (UK patent) and American chemist Charles Goodyear (1800–1860) in 1844 (US patent). While scientists and engineers could make polymers, it wasnt until 1922 that an explanation was proposed for how they formed. Hermann Staudinger suggested covalent bonds held together long chains of atoms. In addition to explaining how polymers work, Staudinger also proposed the name macromolecules to describe polymers.

History of Automobile Industry in Michigan Essay

History of Automobile Industry in Michigan - Essay Example South-east Michigan comprises the population of 4.9 million people with the economic footprint extending well beyond the geographical parameter of south-east Michigan and the city of Detroit. Automobile production including the production of its components has spread beyond the geographical boundaries of Michigan encompassing southern state and southern Ontario. The automobile industry has the rich history embedded in the growth of the industrial organization and syndicalism, having a closed link with the history of the United Auto Workers. The versatility and socio-politic dynamism and the organized labor movements had been responsible for laying the grounds for the development of the strong automobile industry. The transport itself had its most crucial role in the growth of the automobile industry. Michigan’s location towards the Western frontier without the flow of the natural rivers and the need to reach the potential markets of fur, iron and copper ore, lumber, and agricu ltural products without natural rivers gave the impetus to develop the cheap and best transportation alternatives. Earlier the only means of transportation were ships across â€Å"Lakes Huran and Erie to eastern markets and from the Upper Peninsula via Lakes Michigan and Superior.† The shipping was greatly developed over the Great Lakes, which was connected to Michigan’s hardwood forests, which in turn led to the building of the shipbuilding firms. The increase in the growth of the lumbering also led to the expansion of the railroad network throughout Michigan. Helped by the federal and land grants, this network was completed by the late nineteenth century and by the year 1900, approximately more than 6,900 miles of track crossed Michigan.

Operation Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operation Management - Research Paper Example I have used Benchmarking, "Lean," and Business Process Reengineering for this purpose. I believe this approaches are the most suitable for the case of hotel business. I focused on shop – floor control process to examine it in more detail. I have chosen this operation because I believe this is one of the most important aspects of the hotel business. There are some considerations to analyze when applying the methods. At the same time there are some difficulties in application of the methods on practice. The way to solve them is to have a picture of all the business, not a particular process only and pay attention of each process features at the same time. Hotel is complex business that belongs to the service industry. It provides clients with a range of services which might be considered as separate business units, for instance, restaurant and hotel. At the same time, incorrect functioning of one unit or even service might negatively influence all the business. This makes operat ion management very important in this business and ability to set each process so that all hotel is functioning as one mechanism is considered as the mix of science and art. There are methodologies developed by scientists and managers to help to coordinate processes of design, supply, planning, shop-floor control, environment, technology and quality aspects of the business. The selection, collection and analyzing data must be accorded to the aims of the manager. I attempt to understand the business, analyze all the processes, detect fields for improvement and utilize tools and approaches to make processes more effective. Therefore, methods of the Black Box, Business process mapping, Benchmarking, "Lean," and Business Process Reengineering were used. Although, there is core information about the hotel I need some more to provide quality research and implement the tools. First of all I need a list of processes in the hotel with their description, indicators of effectiveness, input res ources and output quality. The very important information is the flow of clients for each of the processes. Besides, I need features of the hotels environment which influence the processes. For example, it’s suppliers, targeted clients, and other circumstances. Therefore, it is not enough to know only general information to implement the most of process improvement methods. First of all I would use the Black Box model to analyze the hotels activity in general, understand basic processes in the hotel and examine their effectiveness. Hotel is a kind of organization that has its inputs and outputs. There is a need to understand inputs and outputs before opening the â€Å"Black Box†. Inputs in hotel are 4 M’s: Manpower is all work of hotels personell (waters, hostess, administrators, cooks etc.), machinery is all kinds of mechanisms in the hotel that are used more than one operational cycle (kitchen ovens, ventilation system, cleaning machines, dishes etc.), materia ls are everything not inclyded in Manpower and Machinery that is used for only one operational period (food, napkins etc.). Money is special kind of resources needed to provide a hotel with neccesary oportunities to buy other three M’s when they are needed. The output of the hotel is different kind of services for their clients, for instance, sleeping, feeding,

The Tremendous Benefit of Using Hypnosis Essay Example for Free

The Tremendous Benefit of Using Hypnosis Essay Hypnosis is a condition in which a person under a trance-like state (more likely compared to being half-asleep) responds to suggestions given by another person with the exemption of self-hypnosis when no second person is needed for the experience. Accordingly, hypnosis does not depend on the power of the second person or the hypnotist; rather, it depends on the ability of the person to experience hypnosis. Hypnosis is sometimes used for medical purposes and its effect is greatly demonstrated especially in the field of pain relief. Another important and basic use of hypnosis is for improving behavior such as social interaction with others, self-confidence and self-esteem. When a person is under hypnosis, he is in a state of increased suggestibility and focused attention. With these factors at hand, a person is made to believe or feel what is needed to improve behavior. In the case of a person with low self-esteem, hypnosis helps in a way that it makes the person overcome his social and emotional insecurity by auto suggesting positive reinforcements. The person is made to focus on the idea that he can do whatever others can and that he is someone very special. Given the right focus, the person receives the idea and thought that eventually translates to better conduct and performance. Hypnosis has many practical benefits aside from what is commonly depicted by the media. Although the founding concept of hypnosis is heightened suggestibility, it is not something as exaggerated as what’s shown on tv or movies. Hypnosis can bring a lot of advantages to a person’s physical, emotional and social skills through its idea of concentrating or focusing towards a certain subject (whatever is needed in the instance).

Faith and Reason in the Enlightenment Essay -- Philosophy Philosophers

Faith and Reason in the Enlightenment One of the most important reasons that the issues involving faith and reason were present during the years that the Enlightenment took place in Europe was because of a group of men known as the philosophes. The philospohes, a word which is french for philosophers, were the thinkers of the Enlightenment Era. Initially, the philosophes were not accepted by the majority of the Europeans, who had already established their own firm beliefs which stemmed from the traditional beliefs of Christian Europe. After the Revolution in the American colonies in 1775, some Europeans began to embrace the new ideas and ways of thinking introduced by the philosophes. The philosophes claimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to ignorant fellow humans during the age of the Enlightenment. The philosophes had the most amount of success and the largest following in France. The main reason for the philosophes success in France was because french was the official language of the educated class, and these were the people who were most interested in what the philosophes had to say. These french philosophes were no doubt philosophers, frequently asking "fundamental philosophical questions regarding the meaning of life, God, human nature, good and evil and cause and effect" (McKay 603). The philosophes were not interested in just sharing their new ideas with the educated class in France, but strived to reach all economic and social elites of not only France, but the remainder of Europe as well. Many of the philisophes joined together in the eighteenth century concept to create an educated and enlightened public where everyone had the opportunity to hear what the philosophes were debati... ...hes. These thinkers emerged in the age of the Enlightenment and challenged beliefs which were long held facts by Christian tradition and the majority of Europeans during this time period. The philisophes' questions regarding human nature and religion, among many other things challenged people's beliefs of the combination and relationship of faith and reason and aided in the process of further educating many people throughout Europe. Works Cited: - Cassirer, Ernst. The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. Beacon Press. Boston. 1951. - Gay, Peter. The Enlightenment: The Science of Freedom. W.W. Norton and Company. New York. 1969. - Grossman, Lionel. French Society and Culture: Background for 18th Century Literature. Prentice-Hall, Inc. New Jersey. 1972. - Schneider, Isidor. The Enlightenment. George Braziller, Inc.

Movie Genre

Amanda Oman HUM 1900 Research Paper Dredd: Judge, Jury and Executioner In a dystopian era plagued by radiation, Dredd is one of the Judges, which is the only presence of law in the land. The most feared of all Judges, Dredd is on a mission to stop the distribution and use of a new drug, â€Å"Slo-Mo†. While training a new Judge, Dredd and his trainee are caught in a slum apartment where a drug lord, Ma-Ma, has gained control over almost all of the inhabitants. The two Judges must fight for survival when the futuristic apartment building’s security is taken over by the drug lord with one mission: to kill Dredd and save the business.Films are generally pretty personal things. What one person loves, another may hate, and there are many concepts that can or cannot be included to create the desired effect. Regardless, there are a few things a film needs that everyone can agree on; an interesting plot, believable characters, captivating dialogue, a realistic set design, and m ust have a destination (and get there in a reasonable time). Dredd accomplishes all of these with ease, and was a film worth seeing. The plot is pretty basic, and while the basic idea of clashing with authority and who will prevail isn’t relatively new, Dredd presents the concept in a fresh way.Thrilling and suspenseful, Dredd is very well written and captivates the audience. NPR reviewed the film, stating, â€Å"Dredd works because it's an action flick with wide appeal that takes risks it doesn't need to – in its delightfully off-putting violence and daring style – and those choices pay off in a singular and exhilarating movie experience. It's savage, beautiful and loads of fun. (ARNOLD)† Taking something so extraordinarily simple and making a masterpiece is what Alex Garland, the writer, has done. While there seems to be a constant flow of action scenes, the rising action isn’t typical backstory stuff.It offers the pertinent information, but in a n energetic way. The climax is certainly the definition of, with more guns and ammunition than you can shake a stick at. Dredd lacks in the falling action, but after the previous high point, any more action may border on too much. Judges are self-described as â€Å"Judge, Jury and Executioner†, being given the power to determine charges on scene, and execute the appropriate punishment immediately. This kind of power is overwhelming and one would expect anyone in this position to be a bit arrogant and demeaning.This demeanor is shown exceptionally well by the Judges at the end of the movie. Many are on Ma Ma’s payroll and corrupted Judges are aplenty. These characters act, as one would expect, prompting the audience to feel a bit of animosity towards them: aptly so, since they are part of the villainous crowd. With a plot as dramatic and intense as Dredd’s, the set must be equally astonishing. Set in a futuristic time, after bouts of radiation, Mega-City One look s drastically different than Earth in present day. Shooting in South Africa provided plenty of vast land to create the perfect set that accurately portrayed the ‘goings-on’.The set is authentic and eerie, and strangely draws you in to the point that when you leave the theater, you wonder where all of the sunlight came from. This kind of believable set makes the movie experience that much more enjoyable. â€Å"I am the law†. Potentially one of the most raw lines in the film, this is the overall theme of the Judge’s attitudes. Being a drama, the film must deliver dialogue that is as captivating as the other elements of the film. Audiences love wit, one-liners, and humor, of any variety. Christy Lemire, from Rotten Tomatoes states, â€Å"A wickedly dark comic streak breaks up the vivid violence. LEMIRE) (ARNOLD) (LEMIRE; WATERCUTTER)† While pretty dry, the humor exists in the form of simple lines, delivered mostly by Dredd himself. But, in fact, the mo vie is devoid of too much dialogue, giving the audience the ability to absorb the beautiful set and the extreme action shots that seem to never end. Dredd could have offered more in the way of ‘captivating dialogue’, but Karl Urban, who plays Dredd, makes up for it with the delivery, using his raspy, Clint Eastwood-like voice. Perhaps the most important part of the movie is the plot, and how the movie reacts and evolves around the plot.The natural progression of things, the speed of that progression, and the in-betweens of the plot are all extremely important in holding the audience’s attention and not boring them half to death, or leaving them in the dust, confused. Dredd’s plot is pretty simple; stay alive in a post-radiation era while trying to solve a crime and bring down a drug lord. With the wrong writer, Dredd could be very short, and very boring. However, Garland creates intensity and draws the viewer in with numerous action scenes and suspense wit h not knowing if they will survive or not.Wired. com calls Dredd, â€Å"a fantastic action spectacle set against the back drop of two people trying to escape hell on Earth. There are massive bombtastic fights, near-death face offs, and bro-ing out between new BFFs Anderson and Dredd. (WATERCUTTER)† The climax is reached in due time, with an ending that, as a viewer, you can’t help but shout a little â€Å"hoo-ra† at. Dredd is strong on the dialogue and characters, but shines on the set and plot areas. An astonishing set and a plot with non-stop action make Dredd an intense film you won’t want to miss.Works Cited WATERCUTTER, ANGELA. â€Å"Review: Dredd 3D Puts Splashy Slo-Mo Spin on Ultraviolence. † 21 Sept. 2012. Wired. Com. 29 Oct. 2012 ;http://www. wired. com/underwire/2012/09/review-dredd-3d/;. ARNOLD, JOEL. â€Å"Nothing To ‘Dredd' About A New Action Adaptation. † 20 Sept. 2012. NPR. 29 Oct. 2012 ;http://www. npr. org/2012/09/20/1 61272582/nothing-to-dredd-about-a-new-action-adaptation;. LEMIRE, CHRISTY. â€Å"Review: 3-D makes beautifully bleak `Dredd' pop . † 19 Sept. 2012. Rotten Tomatoes. 29 Oct 2012 ;www. rottentomatoes. com;.

Journalism around the world Essay

Traditionally, the term â€Å"international conflict† referred to conflicts between different nation-states and conflicts between people and organizations in different nation-states. Increasingly, however, it also applies to inter-group conflicts within one country when one group is fighting for independence or increased social, political, or economic power (e. g. , Chechnya, Kosovo). (Ref. 1) Five years into the 21st Century a dark and sinister cloud hangs over journalism around the world. More editors, reporters and media staffs are killed, targeted, kidnapped and subject to violence than ever before. Independent media are under intolerable pressure. This pressure comes directly from ruthless terrorists, with no respect for civilisation and human rights, who have targeted and murdered journalists in all continents. In Iraq alone, more than 50 media staff have been killed by political extremists and criminals, in pursuit of a grotesque agenda of hatred. (Ref. 2) New York, May 28, 2004—Two Japanese journalists and their Iraqi translator were killed on Thursday night when their car came under attack by gunmen in Mahmoudiya, 20 miles (30 kilometers) south of Baghdad, according to news reports. Bangkok-based freelancer Shinsuke Hashida and his nephew Kotaro Ogawa, also a freelancer, had been traveling to Baghdad from the southern city of Samawah, where Japan has deployed hundreds of troops, when the attack occurred. Agence France-Presse (AFP) listed the translator as Mohamed Najmedin. The Associated Press reported that both men were working for the Japanese tabloid daily Nikkan Gendai covering Japanese troops stationed in the southern city of Samawah. Japanese station NHK reported that the two journalists had also reported for several other Japanese news organizations. The Japanese foreign ministry acknowledged the incident but has not confirmed the identities of those killed. According to some press reports, the journalists’ car burst into flames after the attack. Reuters news agency reported that the car was hit by rocket propelled grenade (RPG) fire. The driver, an Iraqi, who survived the incident and spoke with Japan’s NHK News said he was able to exit the car before it exploded after the assault. Thursday’s attack occurred in the same area where two Polish journalists were killed by gunmen on May 7 and two CNN employees were gunned down in January. Hashida was an experienced journalist who had covered several conflicts as a television reporter, according to Japanese media. At least 28 journalists (not including Hashida and Ogawa) have been killed in Iraq since the US-led war in Iraq began in March 2003. At least seven other media workers have (â€Å"International Journalism†) also been killed. In other developments, U. S. television broadcaster NBC announced Friday that insurgents in Fallujah released three staffers and an Iraqi freelancer–correspondent Ned Colt, cameraman Maurice Roper, soundman Robert Colville, and journalist Ashraf al-Taie who had been kidnapped by armed insurgents on Tuesday. All four were released unharmed, and NBC said in a statement that local Iraqi leaders had mediated the releases when it was clear that the men were working as journalists. (Ref. 3) NBC said it did not previously report the abduction for security reasons. New York, December 11, 2003—Two journalists working with the U. S. newsmagazine Time were wounded today in a grenade attack in Baghdad while accompanying U. S. troops. Senior correspondent Michael Weisskopf and photographer James Nachtwey suffered undisclosed injuries when unidentified assailants threw a grenade into a Humvee the men were traveling in, Time managing editor Jim Kelly said in a written statement. Two soldiers in the Humvee were also injured in the attack, which occurred at about 9:30 p. m. The statement described both journalists as being in â€Å"stable condition† and said they were awaiting transfer to a U. S. military hospital in Landstuhl, Germany. CPJ is seeking more details at this time. (Ref. 4) It is not unusual in conflicts to find mass media recruited to support political objectives often at the expense of professional credibility. Indeed, this holds true for almost all wars. But as peoples of one country turn against each other in ethnic conflict, journalists find themselves facing the grotesque choice of respecting their professional commitment to truth-seeking or risk being branded a traitor. In conflict situations there is always the danger that the media are conscripted by undemocratic politicians to inspire, provoke and underwrite national fears and hatreds. Journalists who lend themselves to this process abandon their professional status and become propagandists. Ethnic conflict and strife are not a new phenomenon but in recent years we have seen an ever increasing fragmentation of human society. As Harold Isaacs put it in his book ‘Idols of the Tribe’: ‘We are experiencing (†¦ ) an ingathering of people in numberless grouping of kinds – tribal, racial, linguistic, religious, national. It is a great clustering into separateness that will, it is thought, improve, assure, or extend each group’s power or place, or keep it safe or safer from the power, threat, or hostility of others’. (Ref. 5) (â€Å"International Journalism†) Towards an accurate portrayal of all groups in society One of the most important challenges faced by the journalists during international conflicts is to portray groups on both sides of the conflict accurately. It is important for the journalists to be impartial while reporting aggression and human rights violations in the conflict affected areas. The journalists should become the voice of the suppressed and worst affected group during the conflict. The main objective should be to bring out the truth through reliable sources and create an atmosphere for compromise. Threat to life from various groups and anti-social elements In covering and reporting international conflicts and warfare, journalists face threat to life from various anti-social elements and extremist groups. In their process to expose the culprit, journalists receive threats on a daily basis. The assignments are sometimes very dangerous which may involve covering the warfare and battlefield where bullets are being sprayed everywhere and shells are raining. With the international news agenda controlled by the world’s major media giants, it has become crucial to develop and strengthen media at the local level to maintain diversity of opinion. As media in many developing nations, such as Indonesia, move away from state control towards private enterprise, it is essential for local media to find their own voice and professional codes. A well developed media system with professionally trained journalists usually benefits both global and local audiences and provides a vital link to the outside world during conflict situations.

What Is A Role Model Essays - Association Football, FIFA 100

What Is A Role Model Essays - Association Football, FIFA 100 What Is A Role Model Role Models Introduction Today, sport stars and other athletes are looked up to by all ages. Everyone loves them. They appear on television, there as fame as film stars, and do this with the entire world watching. No wonder we make heroes out of our favorites. They are seen, as heroes because they can do things that most of us cant. But if you examine athletes while theyre not on the court or on the field, you can see what they are like in every dimension. Athletes have many positive and negative sides that affect their public face and both benefit and harm their abilities to become role models and they encourage there fans to become like them rather positive or negative. What Role Models are Today, athletes are known for wealth, privilege, and fame, because of their talent, salary, and positions as leaders, its inevitable that we admire them. We can learn quite a lot from role models like determination and confidence because we try to be like them, you have to love a sport in order to do it well. When we look at athletes, normally you would say that they do everything good and positive, thats how they are when they are on TV or something, but real life do as much bad as they do good. In the news all the time, we hear about people like Stan Collymore or Roy Keane had a fight or something, it will not only affect there reputation but it will make children or even adults that look up to them behave like them. Positive and Negative Role Models Role Models could give a good impression to someone and make their parents or someone proud but they could also give people bad impressions like taking drugs or having lots of alcohol. I have made a table below of a list of role models that give good impressions and the ones who give bad impressions. Positive Impression Negative Impression Thorpe Maradona Ronaldo Hidetoshi Nakata Gary Liniker Paul Merson Tony Adams Eric Cantona Casiraghi Stan Collymore John Fashinu Bruce Gobblar Zidane Romario Well your probably thinking why these people are positive or negative role models, so heres a brief explanation what I think they are positive or negative. Positive Impressions Thorpe, because it he won all medals that he was in for swimming, he was a good athlete to look up to. Casiraghi, I say that he is a good role model, because is still injured and still gets paid, plays for Chelsea but loves to play football so he wants to leave the club and join any team even lower divisions. Gary Liniker, he was one of Englands best footballers and as far as we know he hasnt done anything bad in his life. Tony Adams, an Arsenal defender, you would probably think he is a bad impression because he use to drink a lot, but I say he is a good impression because he stopped drinking for the sake of his health, career and sport. Negative Impressions Maradona, he is known as one of the worlds greatest footballers of all time, but he gives a really bad impression because people tend to copy who they look up to and Maradona takes a lot of drugs and cheated in football, using his hands instead of head. Hidetoshi Nakata, Japans first player to play abroad and Japans best player was not really a good impression because in the World Cup he wasnt really bothered to sing his own National Anthem and in Copa America Japan was invited but he rejected the International Callup. Eric Cantona, former Manchester United player, because he use to foul a lot in football and done a flying kick at someone on live T.V. Stan Collymore, because slapped his girlfriend. John Fashinu, because he use to set-up matches so he could score lots of goals and win. Bruce Gobblar, former Liverpool goalkeeper, because people use to pay him to let goals in and lose. Zidane, Juventus footballer, because he wanted to leave he told everyone his wife wanted to go to Spain so he could leave the club. Romario, was one of Brazils top strikers, in my opinion he is a bad role model, because he use to always bunk the training sessions and sometimes not even attending football matches. Conclusion Although it is good to look up to

EFL Students

Common Prepositions for ELS/EFL Students The following list contains the key English prepositions for English language learners. There are more than 150 English prepositions in English. However, this list contains the most commonly used and serves as an excellent starting English prepositions list for most learners and classes. These English prepositions are divided into one word, two-word prepositions and three-word prepositions. The two word and three words English prepositions are also known as prepositional phrases. One Word Prepositions aboutaboveacrossafteragainstalongamongaroundasatbeforebehindbelowbeneathbesidebetweenbeyondbydespitedownduringexceptforfrominincludinginsideintolikenearnextofoffonontooppositeoutoutsideoverpastthroughtotowardtowardsunderuntilupuponwithwithout Two Word Prepositions according toahead ofaside frombecause ofclose todue toexcept forfar frominside ofinstead ofnear tonext toout fromout ofoutside ofregardless of Three Word Prepositions as far asas well asby means ofin accordance within addition toin case ofin front ofin place ofin spite ofon account ofon behalf ofon top ofwith regard to

Study plan (essay) for studying abroad application Essay

Study plan ( ) for studying abroad application - Essay Example I anticipate to study international law, environmental economics, global environmental system, and introduction to environmental science. These subjects will broaden my knowledge in global environment and prepare me for future career as an environment professional at UNEP, which is my dream career. According to Stanley (2004, pp31-32), international law entails a variety of treaties and traditions, which control the conduct of sovereign states among themselves and people who trade or have legal relationships that involve the jurisdiction of more than one state. Since my future dream is to work with UNEP, studies in environmental economics, global environmental system and international law will equip me with necessary knowledge and skills to work in the international organization. In my academic sojourn in Korea, I intend to finally specialize in environmental science and international law. By studying these courses, I want to achieve knowledge on how environmental issues are dealt with not only in Korea but also globally. Currently, the world is facing a myriad of environmental challenges, such as climatic change, disasters and conflicts, ecosystem management, emission of harmful substances to the environment in addition to improper utilization of natural resources (United Nations Environment Programme, 2004, p14). I intend to enroll in the college of law, technology and in college of science at Korea University. At the college of law, I aspire to study courses in international and environmental law, in addition to human rights law. In the college of science and technology I intend to enroll for environmental engineering courses, which will equip me with relevant knowledge and skills. These include offering amicable solutions to global warming, and initiating environmentally friendly initiatives. Outside the classroom, I want to learn more about the Korean culture, especially gaining more understanding on their language and other

Personality characteristic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personality characteristic - Essay Example It used to be, before modern psychoanalytical studies on personality were done, that leadership and the ability to lead was pretty much a matter of the old adage, â€Å"leaders are born not made.† Great leaders it was assumed possessed certain unique traits. They were natural born leaders with characteristics apart from the common man. The idea stemmed from a socio-analytical perspective that placed those in the upper echelons of society automatically in the category of leaders, awarding them in a similarly automatic and autocratic way leadership roles. Peons, as it were, were peons. They simply did not have the traits necessary to be leaders. Those traits included the ability or willingness to exhibit initiative, the integrity, intelligence, or for that matter, perception to be a true leader of men. (Leadership: Traits and Process Approaches, para. 1) To dispute this, Krames (2004) in his introduction to the U.S. Army Leadership Field Manual, writes, â€Å" The United States Army has created scores of exceptional leaders from every rank and file† (v). As time went on research conducted on more scientific and empirical level cast serious doubt on these most unscientific and biased conclusions. Trait theory as defined is the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. According to this perspective, traits are relatively stable over time. However, it is not only traits that define a person’s ability to be a leader. Some leaders surprise even the experts. Studies do indicate the near necessity for certain leadership traits when it comes to the success or failure of given activities. As might be assumed, individuals with leadership personality and tendencies would exhibit an extroverted personality. Assumptions, however, can be deceiving. We can often find present some interesting and

Mind body issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mind body issue - Essay Example One of the most important questions asked is whether the mind is part of the body or the body part of the mind. What makes the two connect or interact with each other if at all they are distinct? This also makes many wonder, which one should be in charge in case of distinctive existence. The question requires proper understanding and argumentation because every point of view has a logical explanation. The main aim is to ensure that the process of determining this will meet the main attributes of the relationship, explaining everything based on the theories put forward to explain this relationship. The mind and the body are two distinct attributes that casually interact at given times for the sake of performing bodily activities. Descartes is one of the proponents of dualism and pointed out clearly that the mind was the consciousness that existed within an individual. Unlike the brain, which was the source of the intelligence individuals possessed, the mind was an attribute that defined and determined the thought processes of a human being (Squire 20). The main reason for taking a dualistic stand is the fact that the mind has a different functionality in comparison to matter. Mind has a conscious attribute that cannot not reduced to physical attributes despite the number of times studies are conducted on it. A proper organization of matter allows for emergence of mental properties (Kim 40). The mind will only react to that which it sees as appropriately connected to the way it operates. This means that the mind will not come to full action when it perceives something is not okay. When someone is sick, the body has some deficiencies. The body will not operate well and the mind will be unresponsive in that are a. For example, if one has leprosy, the body goes numb and no thought process can make that part of the body to have any form of functionality. The mind will work on

Climate Change Term Paper Essay Example for Free

Climate Change Term Paper Essay Are we a burden to the society or a blessing? , We are the ones who will choose our own way, but we must see to it that the path that we are heading will not lead us to destruction. Many youth of today are engaging in worthless things like vices: smoking, drinking, alcohols, using drugs and etc. we are not aware that those things are just a waste of time, money and most of all it will ruin our future. We became a burden to our family and to our surrounding instead of being a blessing to them, as a child to their parents our responsibility is to make them happy as our payment for their sacrifice and efforts to raise us, we owe out lives to them. Make yourselves worthy to live the life that is given to you by the creator, don’t waste it, for our lives are precious. Let us open our eyes and mind and focus on the things that have worth and not on things that have worth and not on things that will destroy our lives. True happiness can only be found in our precious creator Jesus Christ, if you are searching for peace and love goes to him and he will give it all, and you’ll realize that this world will not give you satisfaction, it will only be found in him.

Marketplace Madness :: Personal Narrative Writing

Marketplace Madness On a Friday afternoon I traveled with two others from my English class to a rather ordinary patch of farmland next to Highway 101 and adjacent to the Promenade. From out of the car window we looked at a seemingly endless field of cabbages, bordered at least an acre thick with black dirt. It looked strange that the busy Promenade abruptly ended at this sea of dirt. To the left we could see cars streaking by on the highway. The field had a tilled appearance, yet it looked as if nobody had been working on it for a while. Weeds grew sporadically on the black dirt. The sight of it told of half hearted farming efforts and neglect. We decided that one pass of this field would yield all that it had to give visually. However, the controversy surrounding it takes much research to understand. This field is the proposed site of the San Luis Marketplace, a shopping center bigger than any single building project in the history of San Luis Obispo. Spurred on by curiosity, I researched the field in the hopes that I could learn more about it than what I saw at first glance. The field contains Salinas Soils, the most productive kind of soil found in the county. Salinas Soils are alluvial, containing nutrients and minerals washed down from the hillsides by rainwater. The fertility of the soil makes it a very productive field for growing, yielding crops many times a year. The dark black color of the soil indicates how fertile it is. This made me think of something that my girlfriend’s mom said. She works at the El Dorado County Agricultural Department, and she came down here a few weeks ago. When she passed by the Dalidio field she exclaimed â€Å"Wow! Look how black the dirt is!† The owner of the property, a farmer named Ernie Dalidio, struck a deal in 1992 with developer Bill Bird to build a forty-acre shopping centre on the property. Proponents of the marketplace argue that the shopping centre will generate an enormous amount of sales tax that the city can use to support the community.

Great Depression Essay

As a result of her situation Curley’s wife has become a predatory flirt, seeking out the company of farm workers to distract herself from the consequences of her choices. This behaviour stems from a type of coping mechanism which allows her to frequently delve into fantasy in order to escape her own reality. This is a common tendency of hers throughout the book, she often expresses regrets at not becoming a movie star and leading the glamorous life she feels she deserves (†Coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes†). The loneliness she feels is the root of her manipulative behaviour towards men; she views them as a means of escape from her marriage to Curley and will stop at nothing to entrap their sensibilities. Her volatile emotions can, on occasion, manifest themselves into violent outbursts; this happens most notably with Crooks, who she uses as a convenient outlet for her frustrations. This is best demonstrated when she threatens Crooks with lynching after he told her to leave his room (â€Å"I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny†). This cruel sentiment is her way of maintaining some control over her life, and imposing her will on others by exerting the little power she has as a white woman over a crippled black man in a racist society. Interestingly this outburst does not feature in the 1992 film version ‘Of Mice and Men’; where Curley’s wife is portrayed as an altogether more sympathetic and pitiable character, stating such things as (â€Å"I’m not your object†) which appeases modern interpretations of women’s roles in marriage and strengthens her as a character by endowing her with an assertiveness towards Curley that does not feature in the novel. Curley’s wife is a strong indicator of what long periods of loneliness can do to embitter the mind and cause vindictive and resentful behaviour towards others, especially Crooks who is her only outlet. Crooks, the farms resident stable buck, represents the marginalisation of black men and women in the 1920s and 30s, and embodies the effects of what continual isolation can have upon a man. The reader is first introduced to Crooks when Lennie stumbles into his room in the barn where Crooks is attempting to rub ointment onto his crooked back. This is indicative of the workers’ hostile feelings towards him, that he must endure this pain without any offerings of help or assistance from his compatriots. Crooks’ life was not always so lonely; upon meeting Lennie he begins to reminisce of his childhood days when he was able to meet and play with white boys (â€Å"and some of them was pretty nice†), before they learnt the prejudice and hatred of their generation. Steinbeck is commenting on racism, highlighting the needless ruin of a man’s life for simply being different. However, in his isolation from the world and all within it Crooks has grown contemptuous and resentful towards others; he seizes Lennie’s attachment to George and carefully implants the idea of abandonment into his mind and revels in its effects (â€Å"Crooks’ face lighted with pleasure in his torture†). Steinbeck does draw a parallel between them, as if Crooks sees his own childlike innocence in Lennie, and the fragility of his situation and friendship with George; that one moment he can be happy and content with the world, and the next staring down the barrel of seemingly endless and lonely existence. Crooks feeds on Lennies despair like a tonic for his own existence, as if he could transfer his feelings of loneliness to another and thereby free himself. One of the most powerful sentiments in the book is Crooks’ assertion â€Å"I tell ya, a guy gets too lonely, an’ he gets sick†, which tells of the beginnings of Crooks’ descent into madness. In an attempt to shield himself from the continual suffering of his own incarceration his mind is slowly retreating into fantasy and hallucination. Though underneath all his bitterness and self-pity Crooks is still a good man (â€Å"I didn’t mean to scare you. He’ll come back. I was talkin’ about myself†), he is robbed of his last vestiges of hope after Curley’s wife’s vicious attack, (â€Å"Crooks had reduced himself to nothing†). This has left him in a â€Å"reduced† state, forced to submit his entire individuality to stay alive. Candy is an aging and handicapped farm worker who represents the effects age and infirmity have upon the poor working class in an unequal 1930s society. Candy is perhaps the most pitiable character in the book, as his age and bodily limitations frequently inhibit his ability to defend or look after himself. This is demonstrated when his pet dog, who was his only real friend, was killed by Carlson when it was decided that its smell was to revolting to bear any longer. This was achieved, with the help of Slim, by the use of peer pressure and the offering of an inducement in the form of a replacement puppy. The fact that Carlson has orchestrated the event so carefully with prior calculation to achieve his desired goal shows his selfishness. That he does not suggest a compromise – such as forbidding the dog to enter the bunkhouse – shows his contempt for Candy’s feelings.

Hsm/230 Week 9 Checkpoint

Capstone Checkpoint week 9 HSM/230 Capstone Checkpoint week 9 Many issues are becoming problems for seniors, one of these issues is the possibility of losing one of the most important assistance programs that human services has to offer, the Medicare and Medicaid assistance programs for health and well-being of the seniors in California. This issue has been relevant for many years; however in recent years the California Legislature has been unable to successfully plan a budget that would be considered sound. Thus, at this point the legislature is considering cutting some of the programs of human services or cutting back on the funding to these programs. According to Diane Rowland ScD. and Barbara Lyons, PhD. (1996). Without Medicaid’s assistance, the cost of basic medical care can impede access to care and erode financial security for low income elderly people. This is now a problem, for example my mother has a social security benefit of 650. 00 a month, and if she had to pay her medical care and prescription out of this income, her income would only be 300. 00 a month. This is more than twice the poverty level today. This is of great concern to human services agencies in the United States. Most of the elderly have paid into these programs for many years, expecting assistance as they retired; however, this is eroding away. In order to rectify this issue, California along with other states facing this issue, needs to come up with a balanced budget that does not exceed the income they are receiving at the time of the budget making process. The legislature cannot â€Å"expect† to make a different amount than what is in black and white. To predict that they would be making a larger amount only makes the budget worthless, a budget would need to be accurate and overspending must stop in order to rectify this situation. If I were in charge of this type of program, I would look into privatization of a portion and look for subordinates that would be willing to donate, or fund this program for the poor elderly of the United States. Also I would look into how many actually are citizens that are receiving this benefit without payment into the program. This is a huge issue, many illegal immigrants are receiving these benefits and have never paid into the program, therefore are actually ineligible for the benefit. I would propose that these recipients be placed on the welfare program for illegal immigrants and taken off of the assistance for the poor elderly clientele. Is this ethical, I think so, I do not think it is ethical for one to receive benefits if they have not met the criteria or prerequisite to receive this benefit.